Dolly, Crick and the MRI
Britain since 1945
A team led by Sir Ian Wilmot and Keith Campbell became the first anywhere to clone a mammal, in 1996: Dolly the sheep, the most famous sheep in the world. British radio astronomy had its own showcase: the radio telescope at Jodrell Bank in Cheshire, for many years the biggest anywhere, still operates today.
Earlier medical breakthroughs had their own British names attached. Francis Crick was one of the scientists awarded the Nobel Prize for working out the structure of the DNA molecule, and fertility treatment had its own pair of pioneers: Sir Robert Edwards and Patrick Steptoe developed IVF therapy for the treatment of infertility.
British engineering added two more firsts. The Harrier jump jet could take off straight up, without a runway to run along. And Sir Peter Mansfield was co-inventor of the MRI scanner, magnetic resonance imaging.
What to remember
| The team that first cloned a mammal | Sir Ian Wilmot and Keith Campbell 1996 Their work made Dolly the first mammal ever cloned. |
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 Jodrell Bank | Cheshire Its radio telescope was for many years the biggest in the world and still operates today. |
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| Francis Crick | being awarded the Nobel Prize for the discovery of the structure of the DNA molecule The structure was worked out in 1953 at universities in London and Cambridge. |
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| The Harrier jump jet | being an aircraft capable of taking off vertically Designed and developed in the UK; one of the handbook's 20th-century British inventions. |
| Sir Ian Wilmot and Keith Campbell | leading the team that was first to clone a mammal, Dolly the sheep 1996; two British scientists. |
| IVF (in-vitro fertilisation) therapy | Sir Robert Edwards and Patrick Steptoe A physiologist and a gynaecologist; the handbook's word is pioneered. |
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| The MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scanner | Sir Peter Mansfield The handbook calls him co-inventor and names no other. |
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Everything in Britain since 1945or the whole course, from the beginning